Football Field Chart
Horizontal bar chart showing valuation ranges from multiple methods.
A football field chart is the standard investment banking summary slide: it shows implied valuations from different methods (DCF, DDM, comps, precedent transactions) as horizontal bars, with the current market price as a vertical reference line. Interpretation: If most methods cluster at $50-60 and the stock trades at $40, it may be undervalued. If valuations are widely dispersed ($30-$80), there's high uncertainty. Narrow clustering suggests consensus; wide ranges suggest model sensitivity or disagreement. Typical layout: Y-axis lists methods (DCF bull/base/bear, EV/EBITDA comps, P/E comps, etc.); X-axis is price per share; bars show min-max range; current price line shows where market is relative to your analysis. Used in fairness opinions, pitch books, and equity research.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
Intrinsic valuation by discounting projected free cash flows to present value.
Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
Values a stock as the present value of future dividends.
Implied Share Price
The per-share equity value derived from a valuation model.
Market Capitalization
Share price multiplied by shares outstanding — the total equity value.
Enterprise Value (EV)
Market cap plus net debt — the total acquisition value of the business.
P/E Ratio
Share price divided by earnings per share — how much you pay per dollar of profit.