Breakeven Rate (Rate Breakeven)
The yield rise that exactly offsets carry income — expressed in basis points.
Breakeven rate answers: 'How much can yields rise before I lose money?' It equals the bond's carry (running yield) divided by its modified duration, expressed in basis points. Intuitively: if a bond yields 5% with duration 6, a 83bp yield rise (5% / 6 × 100) erodes exactly one year's worth of carry. Beyond that, the price loss exceeds the income earned. Why it matters: Breakeven rate is a risk-return sanity check — it tells you how much rate cushion your carry provides. A high-yield bond with 400bp carry and duration 4 has a 100bp breakeven — significant cushion. A long-duration low-coupon bond with 150bp carry and duration 12 has a 12.5bp breakeven — almost no cushion. Short-duration, high-carry positions have the widest rate protection.
Modified Duration
Measures the percentage price change for a 1% yield change.
Carry
The income earned from holding a bond, mainly from coupon accrual.
Running Yield
Annual coupon income divided by the bond's dirty price (clean price plus accrued interest).
Current Yield
Annual coupon income divided by the bond's clean price.
Yield to Maturity (YTM)
The annualized return if you hold the bond to maturity, assuming all coupons are reinvested at the same rate.
Dirty Price
The total settlement price paid for a bond, including accrued interest.